godot-------/Script/Pawn/CameraControl.cs

using Godot;
using System;
namespace Cosmobox
{
    public partial class CameraControl : Camera2D
    {
        [Export] public Node2D Target;          // 要跟随的目标（通常为玩家角色）
        [Export] public bool EnableSmoothing = true;  // 启用平滑跟随
        [Export(PropertyHint.Range, "0.1,10,0.1")]
        public float SmoothingSpeed = 2.5f;     // 平滑跟随速度（推荐值2.0-4.0）

        [Export] public bool EnableBounds = false;    // 启用边界限制
        [Export] public Rect2 CameraBounds;     // 摄像机移动边界

        [Export] public Vector2 PositionOffset = Vector2.Zero; // 目标位置偏移
        [Export] public bool ScaleWithZoom = true;    // 边界是否随缩放调整

        [Export] public float DeadZoneRadius = 0; // 摄像机不移动的半径（减少微小移动）

        [Export] public float ZoomSensitivity = 0.1f; // 缩放灵敏度
        [Export] public Vector2 MinZoom = new Vector2(0.5f, 0.5f); // 最小缩放
        [Export] public Vector2 MaxZoom = new Vector2(2.0f, 2.0f); // 最大缩放

        private Vector2 _targetPosition;
        private Vector2 _currentVelocity = Vector2.Zero; // 用于平滑插值
        private Rect2 _effectiveBounds; // 实际使用的边界（考虑缩放）

        public override void _Ready()
        {
            if (Target == null)
            {
                // 自动查找玩家作为目标
                Target = GetTree().Root.GetNodeOrNull<Node2D>("Player");
                if (Target == null)
                {
                    GD.PrintErr("CameraControl: Failed to find Player node. Assign a Target manually.");
                }
            }

            // 确保摄像机位置初始化
            if (Target != null)
            {
                _targetPosition = Target.GlobalPosition + PositionOffset;
                GlobalPosition = _targetPosition;
            }

            // 初始化有效边界
            UpdateEffectiveBounds();
        }

        public override void _PhysicsProcess(double delta)
        {
            if (Target == null)
                return;

            float deltaFloat = (float)delta;

            // 更新目标位置（考虑偏移）
            Vector2 newTarget = Target.GlobalPosition + PositionOffset;

            // 应用死区减少微小移动
            if (DeadZoneRadius > 0 && newTarget.DistanceTo(_targetPosition) < DeadZoneRadius)
            {
                newTarget = _targetPosition;
            }
            else
            {
                _targetPosition = newTarget;
            }

            // 应用边界限制
            if (EnableBounds)
            {
                UpdateEffectiveBounds();
                _targetPosition = ClampPosition(_targetPosition);
            }

            // 应用平滑过渡或直接跟随
            Vector2 newPosition;
            if (EnableSmoothing && SmoothingSpeed > 0)
            {
                // 使用SmoothDamp获得更自然的缓动效果
                newPosition = SmoothDamp(GlobalPosition, _targetPosition, ref _currentVelocity, 1 / SmoothingSpeed, deltaFloat);
            }
            else
            {
                newPosition = _targetPosition;
            }

            // 最终位置赋值
            GlobalPosition = newPosition;
        }

        public override void _UnhandledInput(InputEvent @event)
        {
            // 鼠标滚轮缩放控制
            if (@event is InputEventMouseButton mouseEvent)
            {
                if (mouseEvent.IsPressed())
                {
                    Vector2 zoomFactor = Zoom;

                    // // 滚轮向上 - 放大
                    // if (mouseEvent.ButtonIndex == MouseButton.WheelUp)
                    // {
                    //     zoomFactor -= Vector2.One * ZoomSensitivity;
                    // }
                    // // 滚轮向下 - 缩小
                    // else if (mouseEvent.ButtonIndex == MouseButton.WheelDown)
                    // {
                    //     zoomFactor += Vector2.One * ZoomSensitivity;
                    // }

                    // // 钳制缩放值
                    // zoomFactor.X = Mathf.Clamp(zoomFactor.X, MinZoom.X, MaxZoom.X);
                    // zoomFactor.Y = Mathf.Clamp(zoomFactor.Y, MinZoom.Y, MaxZoom.Y);

                    if (zoomFactor != Zoom)
                    {
                        Zoom = zoomFactor;
                        UpdateEffectiveBounds();
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 平滑插值函数（类似Unity的SmoothDamp）
        /// </summary>
        private Vector2 SmoothDamp(Vector2 current, Vector2 target, ref Vector2 currentVelocity, float smoothTime, float deltaTime, float maxSpeed = float.MaxValue)
        {
            float omega = 2f / Mathf.Max(0.0001f, smoothTime);
            float x = omega * deltaTime;
            float exp = 1f / (1f + x + 0.48f * x * x + 0.235f * x * x * x);
            Vector2 change = current - target;
            Vector2 originalTarget = target;

            float maxChange = maxSpeed * smoothTime;

            // 使用自定义方法替代ClampMagnitude
            float magnitude = change.Length();
            if (magnitude > maxChange && maxChange > 0)
            {
                change = change.Normalized() * maxChange;
            }

            target = current - change;

            Vector2 temp = (currentVelocity + omega * change) * deltaTime;
            currentVelocity = (currentVelocity - omega * temp) * exp;
            Vector2 result = target + (change + temp) * exp;

            // 防止过冲
            Vector2 toOriginalTarget = originalTarget - current;
            Vector2 toResult = result - originalTarget;
            if (toOriginalTarget.Dot(toResult) > 0)
            {
                result = originalTarget;
                currentVelocity = (result - originalTarget) / deltaTime;
            }

            return result;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 更新实际使用的边界（考虑缩放）
        /// </summary>
        private void UpdateEffectiveBounds()
        {
            if (!EnableBounds || !ScaleWithZoom)
            {
                _effectiveBounds = CameraBounds;
                return;
            }

            // 根据缩放比例调整边界
            Vector2 halfViewSize = GetViewportRect().Size * 0.5f / Zoom;
            Vector2 min = CameraBounds.Position + halfViewSize;
            Vector2 max = CameraBounds.End - halfViewSize;

            // 确保有效边界有效
            if (min.X > max.X) min.X = max.X = (min.X + max.X) * 0.5f;
            if (min.Y > max.Y) min.Y = max.Y = (min.Y + max.Y) * 0.5f;

            _effectiveBounds = new Rect2(min, max - min);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 钳制位置在边界范围内
        /// </summary>
        private Vector2 ClampPosition(Vector2 position)
        {
            return new Vector2(
                Mathf.Clamp(position.X, _effectiveBounds.Position.X, _effectiveBounds.End.X),
                Mathf.Clamp(position.Y, _effectiveBounds.Position.Y, _effectiveBounds.End.Y)
            );
        }

        // 调试：在编辑器中绘制边界可视化
        public override void _Draw()
        {
            if (Engine.IsEditorHint() && EnableBounds)
            {
                // 绘制主边界
                var rect = new Rect2(_effectiveBounds.Position - GlobalPosition, _effectiveBounds.Size);
                DrawRect(rect, Colors.Red, false, 2.0f);

                // 绘制原始边界参考线
                var origRect = new Rect2(CameraBounds.Position - GlobalPosition, CameraBounds.Size);
                DrawRect(origRect, Colors.Yellow, false, 1.0f);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 设置摄像机边界（简化API）
        /// </summary>
        public void SetBounds(Rect2 bounds, bool updateImmediately = true)
        {
            CameraBounds = bounds;
            EnableBounds = true;
            if (updateImmediately)
                UpdateEffectiveBounds();
        }
    }
}